by Shrey Mathur, Melanie Smuk, Ceri Evans, Catherine J. Wedderburn, Diana M. Gibb, Martina Penazzato, Andrew J. Prendergast Background World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines recommend cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for children who are HIV-exposed until infection is excluded and vertical transmission risk has ended. While cotrimoxazole has benefits for children with HIV, there is no mortality benefit • Read More »
by George Frederick Mkoma, Charles Agyemang, Thomas Benfield, Mikael Rostila, Agneta Cederström, Jørgen Holm Petersen, Marie Norredam Background Ethnic minorities living in high-income countries have been disproportionately affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in terms of infection rates, hospitalisations, and deaths; however, less is known about long COVID in these populations. Our aim was to • Read More »
by Nathan C. Nickel, Wanda Phillips-Beck, Jennifer E. Enns, Okechukwu Ekuma, Carole Taylor, Sarah Fileatreault, Nkiru Eze, Leona Star, Josée Lavoie, Alan Katz, Marni Brownell, Alyson Mahar, Marcelo Urquia, Dan Chateau, Lisa Lix, Mariette Chartier, Emily Brownell, Miyosha Tso Deh, Anita Durksen, Razvan Romanescu Background Differential access to healthcare has contributed to a higher burden • Read More »
by Marlous Hall, Lesley Smith, Jianhua Wu, Chris Hayward, Jonathan A. Batty, Paul C. Lambert, Harry Hemingway, Chris P. Gale Background The occurrence of a range of health outcomes following myocardial infarction (MI) is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the long-term risk of major health outcomes following MI and generate sociodemographic stratified risk • Read More »
Among the mixture of people spending the summer in a pension (boarding house) in Geneva are Felicia, a 20-year-old, and Katherine (30) who become good friends. Another person in the pension is Mr. Chetwynd, an elderly gentleman, whose handsome son Raine comes from Oxford to visit him – and causes a stir in the company, • Read More »
by Jonas Reinold, Bianca Kollhorst, Nadine Wentzell, Katharina Platzbecker, Ulrike Haug Background Exposure to isotretinoin during pregnancy must be avoided due to its teratogenicity, but real-world data on its use are scarce. We aimed to describe (i) isotretinoin use in women of childbearing age in Germany; (ii) the occurrence of isotretinoin-exposed pregnancies; and (iii) malformations • Read More »
Burning wood indoors for cooking is a bad idea because the wood smoke harms people’s health. Projects to hand out wood-burning stoves in poor countries are supported by “carbon offsets” which are fraudulent in the usual way. I’ve heard of projects to give people inexpensive solar-powered cookers. They don’t cause any pollution; the users don’t • Read More »
by Laura Panagi, Simon R. White, Snehal M. Pinto Pereira, Manjula D. Nugawela, Isobel Heyman, Kishan Sharma, Terence Stephenson, Trudie Chalder, Natalia K. Rojas, Emma Dalrymple, Kelsey McOwat, Ruth Simmons, Olivia Swann, CLoCk Consortium , Tamsin Ford, Roz Shafran Background Little is known about the long-term mental health consequences of the pandemic in children and • Read More »
by Montserrat Rodríguez-Ayala, Carolina Donat-Vargas, Belén Moreno-Franco, Diana María Mérida, José Ramón Banegas, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Pilar Guallar-Castillón Background Despite the substantial evidence of the relationship between diet and mortality, the role of beverage consumption patterns is not well known. The aim of this study was to assess the association of the adherence to a Healthy • Read More »
by Hongjiang Wu, Aimin Yang, Eric S. H. Lau, Xinge Zhang, Baoqi Fan, Ronald C. W. Ma, Alice P. S. Kong, Elaine Chow, Wing-Yee So, Juliana C. N. Chan, Andrea O. Y. Luk Background Clinical trials have demonstrated that remission of type 2 diabetes can be achieved following sustained weight loss. However, the feasibility of • Read More »
by John Whitaker, Idara Edem, Ella Togun, Abena S. Amoah, Albert Dube, Lindani Chirwa, Boston Munthali, Giulia Brunelli, Thomas Van Boeckel, Rory Rickard, Andrew JM Leather, Justine Davies Background Injuries represent a vast and relatively neglected burden of disease affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While many health systems underperform in treating injured patients, most • Read More »
by Wenzhong Huang, Zhengyu Yang, Yiwen Zhang, Thomas Vogt, Ben Armstrong, Wenhua Yu, Rongbin Xu, Pei Yu, Yanming Liu, Antonio Gasparrini, Samuel Hundessa, Eric Lavigne, Tomas Molina, Tobias Geiger, Yue Leon Guo, Christian Otto, Simon Hales, Farnaz Pourzand, Shih-Chun Pan, Ke Ju, Elizabeth A. Ritchie, Shanshan Li, Yuming Guo, MCC Collaborators Background More intense tropical • Read More »
by Karl M. F. Emmert-Fees, Ben Amies-Cull, Nina Wawro, Jakob Linseisen, Matthias Staudigel, Annette Peters, Linda J. Cobiac, Martin O’Flaherty, Peter Scarborough, Chris Kypridemos, Michael Laxy Background Taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have been implemented globally to reduce the burden of cardiometabolic diseases by disincentivizing consumption through increased prices (e.g., 1 peso/litre tax in Mexico) • Read More »
by Anders Olsen, Reed F. Beall, Ryan P. Knox, Sean S. Tu, Aaron S. Kesselheim, William B. Feldman Background Insulin is the primary treatment for type 1 and some type 2 diabetes but remains costly in the United States, even though it was discovered more than a century ago. High prices can lead to nonadherence • Read More »
by Pär Flodin, Peter Allebeck, Ester Gubi, Bo Burström, Emilie E. Agardh Background Despite universal healthcare, socioeconomic differences in healthcare utilization (HCU) persist in modern welfare states. However, little is known of how HCU inequalities has developed over time. The aim of this study is to assess time trends of differences in utilization of primary • Read More »
by Alexandra B. Hogan, Sean L. Wu, Jaspreet Toor, Daniela Olivera Mesa, Patrick Doohan, Oliver J. Watson, Peter Winskill, Giovanni Charles, Gregory Barnsley, Eleanor M. Riley, David S. Khoury, Neil M. Ferguson, Azra C. Ghani Background Vaccines have reduced severe disease and death from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, with evidence of waning efficacy coupled • Read More »
by Stephanie A. Brennhofer, James A. Platts-Mills, Joseph A. Lewnard, Jie Liu, Eric R. Houpt, Elizabeth T. Rogawski McQuade Background Shigella is a leading cause of diarrhea and dysentery in children in low-resource settings, which is frequently treated with antibiotics. The primary goal of a Shigella vaccine would be to reduce mortality and morbidity associated • Read More »
by Jing Zhou, Tianjiao Lan, Hao Lu, Jay Pan Background While China has implemented reimbursement-linked drug price negotiation annually since 2017, emphasizing value-based pricing to achieve a value-based strategic purchase of medical insurance, whether drug prices became better aligned with clinical value after price negotiation has not been sufficiently established. This study aimed to assess • Read More »
by Kristina Laugesen, Katalin Veres, Sonia Hernandez-Diaz, Yu-Han Chiu, Anna Sara Oberg, John Hsu, Paolo Rinaudo, Mandy Spaan, Flora van Leeuwen, Henrik Toft Sørensen Background The association between assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and the body mass index (BMI) of children remains controversial. Confounding by morbidity and other factors associated with parental infertility may have biased • Read More »
by Nelsan Pourhadi, Amani Meaidi, Søren Friis, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Lina S. Mørch Background Use of estrogen-containing menopausal hormone therapy has been shown to influence the risk of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. However, it is unknown how the progestin-component affects the risk and whether continuous versus cyclic treatment regimens influence the risk differently. Methods and • Read More »
by Yichen Zhang, Dingyi Chen, Siyuan Cheng, Zhizhou Liang, Lu Yang, Qian Li, Lin Bai, Huangqianyu Li, Wei Liu, Luwen Shi, Xiaodong Guan Background The use of suboptimal controls in randomized trials of new cancer drugs can produce potentially unreliable clinical efficacy results over the current standard of care and expose patients to substandard therapy. • Read More »
by Shuyun Chen, Viktor H. Ahlqvist, Hugo Sjöqvist, Olof Stephansson, Cecilia Magnusson, Christina Dalman, Håkan Karlsson, Brian K. Lee, Renee M. Gardner Background Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common obstetric liver disorder and is associated with an increased risk of iatrogenic preterm birth and adverse infant outcomes. Hence, there are several plausible • Read More »
by Qianwei Liu, Krisztina D. László, Dang Wei, Fen Yang, Katja Fall, Unnur Valdimarsdóttir, Maria Feychting, Jiong Li, Fang Fang Background The psychological toll on parents of a child receiving a cancer diagnosis is known to be high, but there is a knowledge gap regarding suicidal behavior among these parents. The aim of this study • Read More »
by Keri N. Althoff, Cameron Stewart, Elizabeth Humes, Lucas Gerace, Cynthia Boyd, Kelly Gebo, Amy C. Justice, Emily P. Hyle, Sally B. Coburn, Raynell Lang, Michael J. Silverberg, Michael A. Horberg, Viviane D. Lima, M. John Gill, Maile Karris, Peter F. Rebeiro, Jennifer Thorne, Ashleigh J. Rich, Heidi Crane, Mari Kitahata, Anna Rubtsova, Cherise Wong, • Read More »