1914

Related subjects: Years

Background to the schools Wikipedia

SOS Children made this Wikipedia selection alongside other schools resources. Child sponsorship helps children one by one http://www.sponsor-a-child.org.uk/.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	19th century – 20th century – 21st century
Decades:	1880s 1890s 1900s – 1910s – 1920s 1930s 1940s
Years:	1911 1912 1913 – 1914 – 1915 1916 1917

1914 by topic:
Subject
Archaeology Architecture Art Aviation Awards Comics Film Literature ( Poetry) Meteorology Music Rail transport Radio Science Sports Television
By country
Australia Canada China Ecuador France Germany Greece India Ireland Italy Japan Malaya Mexico New Zealand Norway Ottoman Syria Philippines Russia Singapore South Africa United Kingdom United States
Leaders
Sovereign states State leaders Religious leaders Law
Birth and death categories
Births Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments Disestablishments
Works and introductions categories
Works Introductions

1914 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar	1914 MCMXIV
Ab urbe condita	2667
Armenian calendar	1363 ԹՎ ՌՅԿԳ
Assyrian calendar	6664
Bahá'í calendar	70–71
Bengali calendar	1321
Berber calendar	2864
British Regnal year	3 Geo. 5 – 4 Geo. 5
Buddhist calendar	2458
Burmese calendar	1276
Byzantine calendar	7422–7423
Chinese calendar	癸丑年十二月初六日 (4550/4610-12-6) — to — 甲寅年十一月十五日 (4551/4611-11-15)
Coptic calendar	1630–1631
Ethiopian calendar	1906–1907
Hebrew calendar	5674–5675
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1970–1971
- Shaka Samvat	1836–1837
- Kali Yuga	5015–5016
Holocene calendar	11914
Igbo calendar
- Ǹrí Ìgbò	914–915
Iranian calendar	1292–1293
Islamic calendar	1332–1333
Japanese calendar	Taishō 3 (大正3年)
Juche calendar	3
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar	4247
Minguo calendar	ROC 3 民國3年
Thai solar calendar	2457

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: 1914

Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) in the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday in the Julian calendar. It was the year that saw the beginning of what became known as World War I.

Events

January

January 1 – British colonies of Northern and Southern protectorates of Nigeria are merged to form one country by Lord Lugard. The new country is named "Nigeria" by Lugard's wife, Flora Shaw.
January 5 – The Ford Motor Company announces an eight-hour workday and a minimum wage of $5 for a day's labor.
January 9 – The Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, Inc. is founded at Howard University in Washington, D.C.

February

February 2 – Charlie Chaplin makes his film début in the comedy short Making a Living.
February 7 – Release of Charlie Chaplin's second film, the Keystone comedy Kid Auto Races at Venice, in which his character of The Tramp is introduced to audiences (although first filmed in Mabel's Strange Predicament, released two days later).
February 8 – Luxembourg beats France 5-4 in a friendly match, for the first and only time in football history.
February 10 – Release of the film Hearts Adrift; the name of Mary Pickford, the star, is displayed above the title on movie marquees.
February 13 – Copyright: In New York City the ASCAP (for American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers) is established to protect the copyrighted musical compositions of its members.
February 26 – HMHS Britannic, sister to the RMS Titanic, is launched at the Harland & Wolff shipyards in Belfast.
February 28 – Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus proclaimed by ethnic Greeks in Northern Epirus.

March

March 1 – The Republic of China joins the Universal Postal Union.
March 6 – Founded Football Club Vojvodina Novi Sad (Serbia)
March 7 – Prince William of Wied arrives in Albania to begin his reign.
March 10 – Suffragette Mary Richardson damages Velázquez' painting Rokeby Venus in London's National Gallery with a meat chopper.
March 16 – Henriette Caillaux, wife of French minister Joseph Caillaux, murders Gaston Calmette, editor of Le Figaro, fearing publication of letters showing she and Caillaux were romantically involved during his first marriage. (She is later acquitted).
March 27 – Belgian surgeon Albert Hustin makes the first successful non-direct blood transfusion, using anticoagulants.
March 29 – Katherine Routledge and her husband arrive in Easter Island to make the first true study of it (they depart August 1915)

April

April 9 – The Tampico Affair later results in the occupation of the Mexican port city of Veracruz for over 6 months.
April 11
- Alpha Rho Chi, a professional architecture fraternity, is founded in the Hotel Sherman in Chicago.
- Canadian Margaret C. MacDonald is appointed Matron-in-Chief of the Canadian Nursing service band and becomes the first woman in the British Empire to reach the rank of major.
April 14– April 18 – First International Criminal Police Congress held in Monaco, Dean of the Paris Law School was president. 24 countries were represented including some from Asia, Europe, and the Americas.
April 20 – Colorado coalfield Massacre or Ludlow Massacre: The Colorado National Guard attacks a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners in Ludlow, Colorado
April 20 President Woodrow Wilson asks congress to use military force in Mexico in reaction to the Tampico Incident.
April 21 – 2,300 U.S. Sailors and Marines from the South Atlantic fleet land in Vera Cruz, Mexico.
April 22 Mexico, for the time being ends diplomatic relations with the United States.

May

May 9 – J.T. Hearne becomes the first bowler to take 3,000 first-class wickets.
May 14 – Woodrow Wilson signs a Mother's Day proclamation.
May 17 – Protocol of Corfu provides for the provinces of Korçë and Gjirokastër, constituting Northern Epirus, to be granted autonomy under the nominal sovereignty of Albania.
May 25 – The United Kingdom's House of Commons passes Irish Home Rule.
May 29 – The ocean liner RMS Empress of Ireland sinks in the Gulf of St. Lawrence; 1,012 lives are lost.
May 30 – The ocean liner RMS Aquitania makes her maiden voyage.

June

June 1 – Woodrow Wilson's envoy Edward Mandell House meets with Kaiser Wilhelm II.
June 9 – Pittsburgh Pirate Honus Wagner becomes the first baseball player with 3000 career hits.
June 18 – Mexican Revolution: The Constitutionals take San Luis Potosí; Venustiano Carranza demands Victoriano Huerta's surrender.
June 23 – After it had been closed so that it could be deepened, the Kiel Canal is reopened by the Kaiser; the British Fleet under Sir G. Warrender visits; the Kaiser inspects the dreadnought HMS King George V.
June 24 – In Manchester, NH, a downtown fire causes $400,000 damage and injures 19 firemen.
June 28 – Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip assassinates Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, Duchess Sophie, in Sarajevo.
June 29
- Austria-Hungary: The Secretary of the Legation at Belgrade sends a dispatch to Vienna suggesting Serbian complicity in the crime of Sarajevo. Anti-Serb riots erupt in Sarajevo and throughout Bosnia generally.
- Chionya Gusyeva attempts and fails to assassinate Grigori Rasputin at his home town in Siberia.
June 30 – Among those addressing the Parliament of the United Kingdom on the murdered Archduke are Lords Crewe and Lansdowne in the House of Lords and Messrs Asquith and Law in the Commons.

July

The central temple of the Iglesia ni Cristo.

July 2 – The German Kaiser announces that he will not attend the Archduke's funeral.
July 4 – The Archduke's funeral takes place at Artstetten (50 miles west of Vienna), Austria-Hungary.
July 5 – A council is held at Potsdam, powerful leaders within Austria & Hungarian Empire and Germany meet to discuss possibilities of war with Serbia, Russia, and France.
July 7 – Austria-Hungary convenes a Council of Ministers, including Ministers for Foreign Affairs and War, the Chief of the General Staff and Naval Commander-in-Chief; the Council lasts from 11.30 a.m. to 6.15 p.m.
July 9
- The House of Lords completes the recasting of the Amendment Bill; the Government of Ireland Act of 1914, this act contained provisions for home rule.
- The Emperor of Austria-Hungary receives the report of Austro-Hungarian investigation into the Sarajevo crime. The Times publishes an account of the Austro-Hungarian press campaign against the Serbians (who are described as "pestilent rats").
July 10 – Mr. Hartwig, Russian Minister to Serbia, dies suddenly at the Austrian Legation in Belgrade.
July 11 – Baseball legend Babe Ruth makes his major league debut with the Red Sox.
July 12 – U.S. Supreme Court justice Horace H. Lurton succumbs to a heart attack at age 70.
July 13 – Reports surface of a projected Serbian attack upon the Austro-Hungarian Legation at Belgrade.
July 14 – The Government of Ireland Amending Bill is passed by the House of Lords.
July 15
- Mexican Revolution: Victoriano Huerta resigns the presidency of Mexico and leaves for Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz.
July 18
- The Signal Corps of the United States Army is formed, giving definite status to its air service for the first time.
- The British Fleet at Spithead is reviewed by the King.
July 19
- King George V of the United Kingdom summons a conference to discuss the Irish Home Rule problem.
July 23 – Austria-Hungary presents Serbia with an unconditional ultimatum.
July 25 Austria-Hungary Empire severed diplomatic ties with Serbia and begins to mobilize its own forces.
July 27 – Brother Felix Ysagun Manalo registered the Iglesia ni Cristo (Church of Christ) with the government of the Philippine islands.

Map Europe alliances 1914

July 28
- Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia and its army bombards Belgrade.
- Tsar Nicholas II of Russia orders a partial mobilization against Austria-Hungary.
July 29 – In Massachusetts, the new Cape Cod Canal opens; it will shorten the trip between New York and Boston by 66 miles, but it also turns Cape Cod into an island.
July 31 – Russia orders full mobilization.

August

August 1
- World War I begins.
  - The German Empire declares war on the Russian Empire, following Russia's military mobilization in support of Serbia; Germany also begins mobilization.
  - France orders general mobilization.
  - New York Stock Exchange closed due to war in Europe, where nearly all stock exchanges are already closed.
- Marcus Garvey founds the Universal Negro Improvement Association in Jamaica.
August 2
- German troops occupy Luxembourg in accordance with its Schlieffen Plan.
- A secret treaty between Turkey and Germany secures Turkish neutrality.
- At 7:00 pm (local time) Germany issues a 12-hour ultimatum to neutral Belgium to allow German passage into France.
August 3
- Germany declares war on Russia's ally, France.
- At 7:00 am (local time) Belgium declines to accept Germany's ultimatum of August 2.
August 4 – German troops invade Belgium at 8:02 am (local time). Declaration of war by the United Kingdom on Germany for this violation of Belgian neutrality. This effectively means a declaration of war by the whole British Empire against the German Empire. The United States declares neutrality.
August 5
- The Kingdom of Montenegro declares war on Austria-Hungary.
- Germany declares war on Belgium.
- The guns of Point Nepean fort at Port Phillip Heads in Victoria (Australia) fire across the bows of the Norddeutscher Lloyd steamer SS Pfalz (1913) which is attempting to leave the Port of Melbourne in ignorance of the declaration of war and she is detained; this is said to be the first Allied shot of the War.
- SS Königin Luise (1913), taken over two days earlier by the Imperial German Navy as a minelayer, lays mines 40 miles (64 km) off the east coast of England. She is intercepted and sunk by the British Royal Navy light cruiser HMS Amphion (1911), the first German naval loss of the war. The following day, Amphion strikes mines laid by the Königin Luise and is sunk with some loss of life, the first British casualties of the war.
- German zeppelins drop bombs on Liége in Belgium, killing 9 civilians.
- First electric traffic light is installed between Euclid Avenue and East 105 Street, Cleveland, Ohio.
August 5 – 16 – Battle of Liège: The German Army overruns and defeats the Belgians.
August 6 – Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia.
August 7 – British colonial troops of the British Gold Coast Regiment entering the German West African colony of Togoland encounter the German-led police force at a factory in Nuatja, near Lomé, and the police open fire on the patrol. Alhaji Grunshi returns fire, the first soldier in British service to fire a shot in the war.
August 8
- German colonial forces execute Martin-Paul Samba for high treason.
- Sir Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition sets sail on the Endurance from England in an attempt to cross Antarctica.
August 12 – Battle of Haelen: Belgian troops repulse the Germans.
August 15
- The Panama Canal is inaugurated with the passage of the SS Ancon.
- Mexican Revolution: Venustiano Carranza's troops under general Alvaro Obregon enter Mexico City.
August 16– August 19 – Battle of Cer: Serbian troops defeat the Austro-Hungarian armies, in the first Entente victory in World War I.
August 17– September 2 – World War I: The Battle of Tannenberg begins between German and Russian forces.
August 20 – World War I: German forces occupy Brussels.
August 23 – World War I:
- Battle of Mons: In its first major action, the British Expeditionary Force defeats the German forces.
- Japan declares war on Germany.
August 26
- The German West African colony of Togoland surrenders to Britain and France.
August 26– August 27 – Battle of Le Cateau: British, French and Belgian forces make a successful tactical retreat from the German advance.
August 26– August 30 – The Russian Second Army is surrounded and defeated in the Battle of Tannenberg.
August 28 – Battle of Heligoland Bight: British cruisers under Admiral Beatty sink 3 German cruisers.
August 29– August 30 – The Battle of St. Quentin: French forces hold back the German advance.
August 31 – Australia enters the First World War.

September

Pope Benedict XV, the new Pope

September 1
- St. Petersburg, Russia changes its name to Petrograd.
- The last known passenger pigeon "Martha" dies in the Cincinnati Zoo.
September 2 – Moronvilliers is occupied by the Germans.
September 3
- Pope Benedict XV (Giacomo della Chiesa) succeeds Pope Pius X as the 258th pope.
- William, Prince of Albania leaves the country after just 6 months due to opposition to his rule.
September 4
- London Agreement: No member of the Triple Entente (Britain, France, or Russia) may seek a separate peace with the Central Powers.
September 5 – World War I – First Battle of the Marne: Northeast of Paris, the French 6th Army under General Maunoury attacks German forces nearing Paris. Over 2 million fight (500,000 killed/wounded) in the Allied victory. A French and British counterattack at the Marne ends the German advance on Paris.
September 7 – World War I: Turkey declares war on Belgium
September 8 – World War I: Private Thomas Highgate became the first British soldier to be excuted for desertion during the Great War.
September 13 – South African troops open hostilities in German South-West Africa (today Namibia) with an assault on the Ramansdrift police station.
September 17 – Andrew Fisher becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the third time.
September 26 – The U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is established by the Federal Trade Commission Act.
September 28 – The First Battle of the Aisne ends indecisively.
September 30 – The Flying Squadron is established to promote the temperance movement.

October

October 3 – World War I: 25,000 Canadian troops depart for Europe.
October 9 – World War I – Siege of Antwerp: Antwerp, Belgium falls to German troops.
October 27
- World War I: The British super- dreadnought battleship HMS Audacious (23,400 tons), is sunk off Tory Island, north-west of Ireland, by a minefield laid by the armed German merchant-cruiser Berlin.
- The Greek army occupies Northern Epirus with the approval of the Allies.
October 28 – World War I – Battle of Penang, Malaya: The German cruiser Emden sinks a Russian cruiser and French destroyer before escaping.
October 29 – World War I: Ottoman warships shell Russian Black Sea ports; Russia, France, and Britain declare war on November 1–November 5.

November

November 1 – World War I – Battle of Coronel: A Royal Navy squadron commanded by Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock is met and defeated by superior German forces led by Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee, in the first British naval defeat of the war, resulting in the loss of HMS Good Hope and HMS Monmouth.
November 5 – Britain and France declare war on Turkey.
November 5 – The United Kingdom annexes Cyprus, and together with France declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
November 7 – The Japanese seize Jiaozhou Bay in China, the base of the German East Asia Squadron.
November 9 – World War I – Battle of Cocos: The German cruiser Emden is sunk by the Australian cruiser Sydney.
November 16
- A year after being created by passage of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States officially opens for business.
November 21 – In New Haven CT, the new Yale Bowl officially opens; Harvard defeats Yale 36-0 in the first football game held there.
November 23 – U.S. troops withdraw from Veracruz. Venustiano Carranza's troops take over and Carranza makes the town his headquarters.
November 24 – Benito Mussolini is expelled from the Italian Socialist Party.
November 28 – World War I: Following a war-induced closure in July, the New York Stock Exchange re-opens for bond trading.

December

December 2 – Austrian-Hungarian forces occupy Belgrade, Serbia.
December 8 – Battle of the Falkland Islands, between Doveton Sturdee and Maximilian von Spee squadrons.
December 12 – The New York Stock Exchange re-opened, having been closed since 1 Aug 1914 except for bond trading.
December 15 – A gas explosion at the Mitsubishi Hojyo coal mine, Kyūshū, Japan, kills 687 (the worst coal mine disaster in Japanese history).
December 17 – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson signs the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act (initially introduced by Francis Burton Harrison).
December 18 – Egypt becomes a British protectorate.
December 19 – The Battle of Kolubara ends, resulting in a decisive Serbian victory over Austria-Hungary.
December 24 – World War I:
- British and German soldiers interrupt World War I to celebrate Christmas, beginning the Christmas truce.
- German air raid on Dover, England.

Date unknown

Oxymorphone, a powerful narcotic analgesic closely related to morphine is first developed in Germany.
Blaise Diagne of Senegal becomes the first black African representative in the French parliament.
The first everyday items made of stainless steel come into public circulation.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi returns to India from South Africa to spearhead the Indian independence movement.
The capital of the Guangxi Province of China is moved from Guilin to Nanning.
The Port of Orange, Texas, is dredged for the fabrication of vessels for the United States Navy.
The United States Power Squadrons is formed.
Phi Sigma, a local undergraduate classical club, is founded by a group of students in the Greek Department at the University of Chicago.
Henry Ford sells 248,000 cars.
China declares its neutrality in World War I.
Fashion and perfumes company Puig was founded