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Striezelmarkt (dosł. Struclowy Kiermasz) w Dreźnie to jeden z najstarszych, udokumentowanych niemieckich jarmarków świątecznych. Po raz pierwszy wspomniany w 1434[1], podczas panowania Fryderyka II, elektora Saksonii, kiedy to zorganizowano go w poniedziałek przed Bożym Narodzeniem, na Altmarkt. Z czasem jamark ten rozwinął się w duże wydarzenie trwające przez cały adwent, z kilkuset straganami, zajmującymi dużą część starego centrum. Obecnie jarmark przyciąga rocznie od 1,5 do 2mln gości z całego świata [1].
Nazwa Striezelmarkt pochodzi od słów Strüzel czy Stroczel, czyli strucla. Był to jeden z rodzajów ciasta sprzedawanego na jarmarku, obecnie znanego jako Stollen albo Christstollen. Jest to lekkie, puszyste ciasto owocowe i niezbyt słodkie. Kształ ciasta ma wyobrażać wejście do kopalnianej sztolni (dosłowne znaczenie słowa Stollen), przypominając o historycznym znaczeniu saksońskich kopalni srebra i cyny. Obecnie ciasto jest dostępne i popularne także poza Dreznem. Jednak Drezno dalej sobie zastrzega prawo do produkcji tradycyjnego, oryginalnego Stollen, co podkreśla, przyznając swoim wyrobom prawo do zamykania ich specjalną pieczęcią z wizerunkiem króla Augusta II Mocnego.
Spis treści |
[edytuj] Dzisiejszy Striezelmarkt
W centrum jarmarku stoi wysoki, ponad 20m, świerk z lasów z pobliskiego Tharandt, udekorowany światełkami i ozdobami. Tłem jarmarku jest wymalowany na deskach, bajkowy zamek, będący jednocześnie wielkim kalendarzem adwentowym. Codziennie odbywają się tam przedstawienia kukiełkowe, a w piątki zamek odwiedza Święty Mikołaj.
[edytuj] Wooden Ornaments
Many of the stands at the Striezelmarkt sell wooden ornaments of a huge variety of shapes and sizes. This comes from the area's mining history. Dresden is the largest city near the Erzgebirge, or Ore Mountains, where silver and tin were discovered in around 1168. The discovery brought many miners to the area, who then lost their jobs as the German Peasants' War and competition from abroad took their toll. Needing a new way of earning money, the miners took up woodcarving, incorporating mining symbols and religious elements into their designs. These symbols can still be found in the Christmas ornaments sold at the Striezelmarkt.
- Candle pyramids
- In many parts of Germany, the candle pyramid (lightstock) is brought out every year to light up the room at Christmas. Two to five round wooden tiers, gradually smaller towards the top, are built onto a central rod which rotates, driven by the heat of candles rising up into a rotor at the top. On each tier there are figures connected with Christmas. The whole ornament is usually about 50 cm high, but the tallest pyramid in the world takes pride of place at the Striezelmarkt, towering a full 14m in the air. Originally, the pyramid was a much simpler affair, simply a frame to hang sprigs of fir upon; the modern-day pyramid did not evolve until the early 19th century.
- Schwibbogen
- Literally, the word Schwibbogen means an arch "hanging" (schweben) above you, between two walls. This candle-holder is indeed arch-shaped, representing the arched entrance to a mine hung with guiding lights; another connection to the area's mining past. Today the "candles" are often lit with electricity, and the scenes cut out of the wooden centre of the arch are not only on mining themes. At night during Advent, nearly every single window in Dresden is lit with these ornaments, traditionally bought at the Striezelmarkt.
- Räuchermann (smoking man)
- Another ornament always present at Christmas-time in Germany, the smoking man is hollowed out with a hole leading to his mouth, hung with a pipe. An incense candle is placed inside him so that he appears to smoke as it burns. There is a wide variety of variations on the smoking man, including old ladies in rocking chairs, Father Christmases, and figures representing nearly every occupation. Smoking men first appeared on the Striezelmarkt in the 19th century.
- Nutcrackers
- The type of nutcracker traditionally sold at the Striezelmarkt, carved and painted with a red coat like a soldier, probably became popular world-wide thanks to |Tchaikovsky's "Nutcracker Suite". The first wood turner to carve the ornaments in this form, Wilhelm Friedrich Füchtner from the Ore Mountains, is said to have been inspired by the nutcracker in the story book Tchaikovsky's ballet came from.
[edytuj] Food and drink
Apart from the famous Stollen, other specialities originate from Dresden and were originally sold at the Striezelmarkt.
- Pflaumentoffel
- Although they are made of prunes, these little figures are really decorations, although they can be eaten after Christmas. Pflaumentoffel means plum devil; they were also called Feuerrüpel or Fiery Santa, although they are not meant to be devils or Santas, but chimney sweeps, all dressed in black (the prunes) with a top hat and a brush. Until the 20th century, Pflaumentoffel were sold at the Striezelmarkt on trays carried by children trying to earn some Christmas money. The artist Ludwig Richter famously portrayed these Striezelkinder in 1853 in his woodcut "Ausverkauft wegen Geschäftsaufgabe" ("Sold out as giving up business"). In 1910, however, sale by children was banned at the Striezelmarkt.
- Pulsnitzer Pfefferkuchen (Pulsnitz gingerbread)
- The Christmas market at Nuremberg (Christkindlmarkt) is more famous for its gingerbread known as Lebkuchen, but the Striezelmarkt's gingerbread has nearly as long a history. Pfefferkuchen literally means "pepper cake": the word "pepper" was used to mean any new foreign spice. The gingerbread sold at the Striezelmarkt comes from Pulsnitz, a town about 50 km from Dresden; it was first mentioned as a speciality from Pulsnitz in a decree issued in 1558 allowing bakers to produce it there. Pfefferkuchen are usually filled with marmalade or jam and covered with chocolate. Unlike gingerbread from other countries, the dough does not usually contain any fat, or indeed ginger, but instead nutmeg, cinnamon, ground cloves and allspice, which are added after the dough has been left up to 6 months to mature. In 1780 eight master bakers came personally from Pulsnitz to sell their wares at the Striezelmarkt; today there are many more Pfefferkuchen stands, but the gingerbread is usually sold by hired staff.
- Glühwein (mulled wine)
- One very well-loved tradition on a cold December night in Dresden is drinking steaming mugs of mulled wine at the Striezelmarkt. The hot red wine spiced with cloves and cinnamon is served in specially decorated mugs.
[edytuj] See also
- List of Christmas markets
- Christmas market
- Cuisine of Germany
{{Christmas}} [[Kategoria:Christmas markets|Dresden, Striezelmarkt]] [[Kategoria:Dresden]] [[Kategoria:German culture]] [[de:Dresdner Striezelmarkt]] [[es:Striezelmarkt]]
