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Antyczne DNA - Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia

Antyczne DNA

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Pokrzyżowane i porozgałęziane, mające około 4000 lat DNA wyizolowane z wątroby straroegipskiego kapłana Nekht-Ankh
Pokrzyżowane i porozgałęziane, mające około 4000 lat DNA wyizolowane z wątroby straroegipskiego kapłana Nekht-Ankh

Antyczne DNA (aDNA) – każde DNA, które nie zostało specjalnie zachowane do późniejszych analiz. Do aDNA zaliczamy wszelkie DNA izolowane z historycznych czy paleologicznych próbek, które wyizolowano w celu analizy. Docelową analizą jest sekwencjonowanie DNA.

Wstępne wyniki analizy aDNA mogą być dostarczane przez PCR. Największy projekt związany z aDNA to próba określenia sekwencji genomu Neandertalczyka. Potencjalnie materiał do badań aDNA to każdy materiał, gdzie DNA mógł zostać zachowany od postaci nienaruszonej do krótkich poszatkowanych fragmentów, lub nawet chemicznie zmodyfikowanych fragmentów. Analizę aDNA utrudnia często duże zanieczyszczenie materiału badawczego przez obce DNA od DNA mikroorganizmów do DNA badaczy. aDNA w odpowiednich warunkach jest dość stabilną cząsteczką, wynika to poniekąd z jego wyewoluowanej funkcji jako najbardziej stabilnego nośnika informacji genetycznej. aDNA izolowano z kości mumii, zębów, bursztynu, włosów, czy zmrożonych tkanek, np. Ötzi czy mamutów. Postęp w badaniach nad aDNA nakłada na badaczy przeszłości, tzn. archeologów i paleobiologów, nowe wymagania dotyczące eksploracji stanowisk zmniejszające prawdopodobieństwo zainfekowania potencjalnych próbek współczesnym DNA. Już teraz analiza aDNA jest dokładną metodą wyjaśniającą wiele nierozwiązanych zagadek i pytań historii. aDNA jest też dowodem w sądzie i materiałem kryminalistyki.

[edytuj] Linki - literatura

[edytuj] Literatura

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