by Anders Olsen, Reed F. Beall, Ryan P. Knox, Sean S. Tu, Aaron S. Kesselheim, William B. Feldman Background Insulin is the primary treatment for type 1 and some type 2 diabetes but remains costly in the United States, even though it was discovered more than a century ago. High prices can lead to nonadherence […]
by Pär Flodin, Peter Allebeck, Ester Gubi, Bo Burström, Emilie E. Agardh Background Despite universal healthcare, socioeconomic differences in healthcare utilization (HCU) persist in modern welfare states. However, little is known of how HCU inequalities has developed over time. The aim of this study is to assess time trends of differences in utilization of primary […]
by James A. Watson, Thomas J. Peto, Nicholas J. White In this Policy Forum article, James A. Watson and colleagues discuss recent guidelines relating to pre-referral treatment of suspected severe malaria with rectal artesunate suppositories in remote areas.
by Sida Chen, Tom Marshall, Christopher Jackson, Jennifer Cooper, Francesca Crowe, Krish Nirantharakumar, Catherine L. Saunders, Paul Kirk, Sylvia Richardson, Duncan Edwards, Simon Griffin, Christopher Yau, Jessica K. Barrett Background Multimorbidity, characterised by the coexistence of multiple chronic conditions in an individual, is a rising public health concern. While much of the existing research has […]
by Keith M. Godfrey, Philip Titcombe, Sarah El-Heis, Benjamin B. Albert, Elizabeth Huiwen Tham, Sheila J. Barton, Timothy Kenealy, Mary Foong-Fong Chong, Heidi Nield, Yap Seng Chong, Shiao-Yng Chan, Wayne S. Cutfield, NiPPeR Study Group Background Maternal vitamin status preconception and during pregnancy has important consequences for pregnancy outcome and offspring development. Changes in vitamin […]
by Aye Sandar Zaw, Ei Shwe Sin Win, Soe Wai Yan, Kyaw Sithu Thein, Vasundhara Verma, Alistair R. D. McLean, Thar Tun Kyaw, Nicholas J. White, Frank M. Smithuis Background Myanmar has a large majority of all malaria in the Greater Mekong Subregion. In the past decade, substantial progress was made in malaria control. The […]
by Mariana Bichuette Cartuliares, Flemming Schønning Rosenvinge, Christian Backer Mogensen, Thor Aage Skovsted, Steen Lomborg Andersen, Claus Østergaard, Andreas Kristian Pedersen, Helene Skjøt-arkil Background Rapid and accurate detection of pathogens is needed in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) to enable appropriate antibiotics and to slow the development of antibiotic resistance. We aimed to compare the effect of […]
by Antti P. Launonen, Bakir O. Sumrein, Aleksi Reito, Vesa Lepola, Juha Paloneva, Hans E. Berg, Li Felländer-Tsai, Kristo Kask, Timo Rahnel, Kaspar Tootsi, Aare Märtson, Kenneth B. Jonsson, Olof Wolf, Peter Ström, Kaj Døssing, Helle K. Østergaard, Inger Mechlenburg, Ville M. Mattila, Minna K. Laitinen Background Proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) are common fractures, especially […]
by Alexandra B. Hogan, Sean L. Wu, Jaspreet Toor, Daniela Olivera Mesa, Patrick Doohan, Oliver J. Watson, Peter Winskill, Giovanni Charles, Gregory Barnsley, Eleanor M. Riley, David S. Khoury, Neil M. Ferguson, Azra C. Ghani Background Vaccines have reduced severe disease and death from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, with evidence of waning efficacy coupled […]
by Daniel D. Hodgkiss, Gurjeet S. Bhangu, Carole Lunny, Catherine R. Jutzeler, Shin-Yi Chiou, Matthias Walter, Samuel J. E. Lucas, Andrei V. Krassioukov, Tom E. Nightingale Background A low level of cardiorespiratory fitness [CRF; defined as peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak) or peak power output (PPO)] is a widely reported consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI) […]
by Stephanie A. Brennhofer, James A. Platts-Mills, Joseph A. Lewnard, Jie Liu, Eric R. Houpt, Elizabeth T. Rogawski McQuade Background Shigella is a leading cause of diarrhea and dysentery in children in low-resource settings, which is frequently treated with antibiotics. The primary goal of a Shigella vaccine would be to reduce mortality and morbidity associated […]
by David J. Price, Narimane Nekkab, Wuelton M. Monteiro, Daniel A. M. Villela, Julie A. Simpson, Marcus V. G. Lacerda, Michael T. White, Angela Devine Background Malaria transmission modelling has demonstrated the potential impact of semiquantitative glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) testing and treatment with single-dose tafenoquine for Plasmodium vivax radical cure but has not investigated the […]
by Radhika Gharpure, Anna N. Chard, Maria Cabrera Escobar, Weigong Zhou, Molly M. Valleau, Tat S. Yau, Joseph S. Bresee, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Sarah W. Pallas, Kathryn E. Lafond Background Historically, lack of data on cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination has been identified as a barrier to vaccine use in low- and middle-income countries. We conducted a […]
by Jing Zhou, Tianjiao Lan, Hao Lu, Jay Pan Background While China has implemented reimbursement-linked drug price negotiation annually since 2017, emphasizing value-based pricing to achieve a value-based strategic purchase of medical insurance, whether drug prices became better aligned with clinical value after price negotiation has not been sufficiently established. This study aimed to assess […]
by Julia F. van der Meulen, Marlies Y. Bongers, Lisa G. van der Zee, Jaklien C. Leemans, Ruben G. Duijnhoven, Robert A. de Leeuw, Lucilla E. Overdijk, Celine M. Radder, Lucet F. van der Voet, Nicol A. C. Smeets, Huib A. A. M. van Vliet, Wouter J. K. Hehenkamp, Arentje P. Manger, Arianne C. Lim, […]
by Kristina Laugesen, Katalin Veres, Sonia Hernandez-Diaz, Yu-Han Chiu, Anna Sara Oberg, John Hsu, Paolo Rinaudo, Mandy Spaan, Flora van Leeuwen, Henrik Toft Sørensen Background The association between assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and the body mass index (BMI) of children remains controversial. Confounding by morbidity and other factors associated with parental infertility may have biased […]
by Nelsan Pourhadi, Amani Meaidi, Søren Friis, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Lina S. Mørch Background Use of estrogen-containing menopausal hormone therapy has been shown to influence the risk of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. However, it is unknown how the progestin-component affects the risk and whether continuous versus cyclic treatment regimens influence the risk differently. Methods and […]
by Yichen Zhang, Dingyi Chen, Siyuan Cheng, Zhizhou Liang, Lu Yang, Qian Li, Lin Bai, Huangqianyu Li, Wei Liu, Luwen Shi, Xiaodong Guan Background The use of suboptimal controls in randomized trials of new cancer drugs can produce potentially unreliable clinical efficacy results over the current standard of care and expose patients to substandard therapy. […]
by Judith Leblanc, Lisbeth Dusserre-Telmon, Anthony Chauvin, Tabassome Simon, Chiara E. Sabbatini, Karla Hemming, Vittoria Colizza, Laurence Bérard, Jérome Convert, Sonia Lazazga, Carole Jegou, Nabila Taibi, Sandrine Dautheville, Damien Zaghia, Camille Gerlier, Muriel Domergue, Florine Larrouturou, Florence Bonnet, Arnaud Fontanet, Sarah Salhi, Jérome LeGoff, Anne-Claude Crémieux, On behalf of the DEPIST-COVID group , FHU IMPEC […]
by Chen Reis, Sarah R. Meyer Little is known about the prevalence and dynamics of femicide, a persistent form of violence against women and girls, due to challenges associated with its documentation. Research by Abrahams and colleagues comparing rates of femicide in South Africa over 18 years, however, suggests that femicide is preventable. In this […]
by Naeemah Abrahams, Shibe Mhlongo, Esnat Chirwa, Bianca Dekel, Asiphe Ketelo, Carl Lombard, Nwabisa Shai, Leane Ramsoomar, Shanaaz Mathews, Gérard Labuschagne, Richard Matzopoulos, Megan Prinsloo, Lorna J. Martin, Rachel Jewkes Background In most countries, reliable national statistics on femicide, intimate partner femicide (IPF), and non-intimate partner femicide (NIPF) are not available. Surveys are required to […]
by Eleni Mantzari, Minna Ventsel, Emily Pechey, Ilse Lee, Mark A. Pilling, Gareth J. Hollands, Theresa M. Marteau Background Interventions that alter aspects of the physical environments in which unhealthy behaviours occur have the potential to change behaviour at scale, i.e., across populations, and thereby decrease the risk of several diseases. One set of such […]
by Shuyun Chen, Viktor H. Ahlqvist, Hugo Sjöqvist, Olof Stephansson, Cecilia Magnusson, Christina Dalman, Håkan Karlsson, Brian K. Lee, Renee M. Gardner Background Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common obstetric liver disorder and is associated with an increased risk of iatrogenic preterm birth and adverse infant outcomes. Hence, there are several plausible […]
by Qianwei Liu, Krisztina D. László, Dang Wei, Fen Yang, Katja Fall, Unnur Valdimarsdóttir, Maria Feychting, Jiong Li, Fang Fang Background The psychological toll on parents of a child receiving a cancer diagnosis is known to be high, but there is a knowledge gap regarding suicidal behavior among these parents. The aim of this study […]
by Keri N. Althoff, Cameron Stewart, Elizabeth Humes, Lucas Gerace, Cynthia Boyd, Kelly Gebo, Amy C. Justice, Emily P. Hyle, Sally B. Coburn, Raynell Lang, Michael J. Silverberg, Michael A. Horberg, Viviane D. Lima, M. John Gill, Maile Karris, Peter F. Rebeiro, Jennifer Thorne, Ashleigh J. Rich, Heidi Crane, Mari Kitahata, Anna Rubtsova, Cherise Wong, […]
by Michael H. McCullough, Michael Small, Binu Jayawardena, Sean Hood Background Reliable assessment of suicide and self-harm risk in emergency medicine is critical for effective intervention and treatment of patients affected by mental health disorders. Teams of clinicians face the challenge of rapidly integrating medical history, wide-ranging psychosocial factors, and real-time patient observations to inform […]